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“... in the mass gravitation back to the edge of l’En-ville, an orderly ‘Western’ centre which, Chamoiseau says, is only given meaning by its turbulent margins. And these, in turn, need l’En-ville ‘like having a breadfruit tree by the hutch’. The story of Texaco and its prototypes in the social and moral landscape, from the early 19th to the late 20th ...”

“... powers continued to enjoy over Africa. On Césaire’s death in 2008, the Martinican novelist Patrick Chamoiseau admitted that he ‘never understood why the author of these writings, which had liberated so many warriors in Africa, was not for the independence of Martinique’.Crucially, Césaire and Senghor started out as poets rather than ...”

“... produce remarkable writers, such as the architects of the créolité movement, Edouard Glissant, Patrick Chamoiseau and Raphaël Confiant. For them, assimilation, Negritude and nationalism all share the same problem: they are ways of avoiding the island’s complexity. ‘The identity of assimilation,’ ...”

“... black novel, no Jewish novel and certainly no gay novel, although a black Caribbean writer such as Patrick Chamoiseau can win the Goncourt and many French writers have been Jewish or homosexual or both. In Britain the situation seems to be located somewhere between the extremes represented by the US and France. High culture in general and gay culture in ...”